Infrastructure and innovation are critical for sustainable development, driving economic growth, public welfare, and global competitiveness. However, many African nations face challenges reflected in low Sustainable Development Goal 9 (SDG 9) rankings, which highlight deficits in resilient infrastructure, inclusive industrialisation, and innovation ecosystems.

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Insufficient investment in research and innovation hampers knowledge-based economies, leaving countries ill-equipped for technological transitions, climate challenges, and competition in fintech, health tech, and renewable energy. Weak digital infrastructure limits access to financial, educational, and healthcare services, excluding large populations from the digital economy. Additionally, poor industrialisation restricts job creation, particularly for youth, perpetuating poverty and inequality.

According to the Financing Africa report, by the Mo Ibrahim Foundation, Here are the ten African countries with the lowest SDG 9 ratings

1. South Sudan — 1.7

South Sudan ranks the lowest in infrastructure and innovation across Africa. Years of conflict and instability have heavily impacted its ability to develop robust systems to support economic activities and innovation.

2. Somalia — 5.6

Somalia continues to face structural deficiencies in infrastructure. Limited access to electricity, transportation, and internet connectivity has hindered innovation and industrial growth.

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3. Central African Republic — 7.1

The Central African Republic faces significant obstacles, including limited transportation networks and unreliable energy systems. These factors have limited progress toward sustainable industrialisation.

4. Congo Republic — 8.1

While rich in natural resources, the Congo Republic has struggled to translate its wealth into modern infrastructure and technological advancement. This disconnect hampers its development potential.

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5. Chad — 9.6

Chad has vast land resources but lacks the infrastructure to connect its regions effectively. Limited road networks and insufficient energy supply constrain economic activities and technological progress.

6. Madagascar — 10.3

Madagascar’s remote location contributes to its struggles with infrastructure. Limited investment in transportation and industrial sectors has slowed its innovation capacity.

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7. Niger — 11.3

Niger, like Chad, faces geographical challenges. Poor connectivity between urban and rural areas affects trade and innovation opportunities.

8. Liberia — 11.6

Liberia is recovering from years of conflict, but infrastructure remains underdeveloped. Limited access to reliable transportation and energy systems affects its ability to industrialise and innovate.

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9. Burundi — 12.1

Burundi’s landlocked status adds to its infrastructure challenges. Insufficient transportation networks and energy shortages continue to hamper progress.

10. Guinea — 13.3

Although Guinea has mineral wealth, infrastructure challenges limit its potential for economic diversification and innovation. Transportation and energy deficiencies are key barriers.