Touchdown! Blue Ghost Lands on the Moon, Ushering in a New Era of Exploration

Blue Ghost Mission 1 Descent — Firefly Aerospace’s Blue Ghost Mission 1 has made history by successfully landing on the Moon as seen in this illustration. Credit: Firefly Aerospace

Firefly Aerospace’s Blue Ghost has landed on the Moon, delivering NASA’s technology for a 14-day mission.

The lander has already achieved deep-space navigation breakthroughs and will now test lunar drilling, dust behavior, and radiation resistance. This mission is a crucial step toward long-term lunar and Martian exploration.

Historic Moon Landing: Blue Ghost Touches Down

Firefly Aerospace’s Blue Ghost Mission 1 successfully landed on the Moon at 3:34 a.m. EST on Sunday, delivering a suite of NASA science and technology instruments. The lander touched down near Mons Latreille, a volcanic feature within Mare Crisium, a 300-mile-wide basin on the Moon’s northeast quadrant.

The Blue Ghost lander is upright and stable, marking a major milestone for NASA’s Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) initiative and Artemis campaign. This mission is both Firefly’s first Moon landing and its first CLPS delivery for NASA.

Firefly Blue Ghost First Image After Landing — First image captured by Firefly’s Blue Ghost lunar lander, taken shortly after confirmation of a successful landing at Mare Crisium on the Moon’s near side. This is the second lunar delivery of NASA science and tech instruments as part of the agency’s Commercial Lunar Payload Services initiative. Credit: Firefly Aerospace

14 Days of Science and Innovation

Equipped with 10 NASA science and technology instruments, the lander will operate on the lunar surface for approximately 14 Earth days, the duration of a full lunar day.

“This incredible achievement demonstrates how NASA and American companies are leading the way in space exploration for the benefit of all,” said NASA acting Administrator Janet Petro. “We have already learned many lessons – and the technological and science demonstrations onboard Firefly’s Blue Ghost Mission 1 will improve our ability to not only discover more science, but to ensure the safety of our spacecraft instruments for future human exploration – both in the short term and long term.”

A 2.8 Million-Mile Journey Packed with Discoveries

Since launching from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida on Jan. 15, Blue Ghost traveled more than 2.8 million miles, downlinked more than 27 GB of data, and supported several science operations. This included signal tracking from the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) at a record-breaking distance of 246,000 miles with the Lunar GNSS Receiver Experiment payload – showing NASA can use the same positioning systems on Earth when at the Moon. Science conducted during the journey also included radiation tolerant computing through the Van Allen Belts with the Radiation-Tolerant Computer System payload and measurements of magnetic field changes in space with the Lunar Magnetotelluric Sounder payload.

“The science and technology we send to the Moon now helps prepare the way for future NASA exploration and long-term human presence to inspire the world for generations to come,” said Nicky Fox, associate administrator for science at NASA Headquarters in Washington. “We’re sending these payloads by working with American companies – which supports a growing lunar economy.”

Testing Future Technologies in Lunar Conditions

During surface operations, the NASA instruments will test and demonstrate lunar subsurface drilling technology, regolith sample collection capabilities, global navigation satellite system abilities, radiation tolerant computing, and lunar dust mitigation methods. The data captured will benefit humanity by providing insights into how space weather and other cosmic forces impact Earth.

Before payload operations conclude, teams will aim to capture imagery of the lunar sunset and how lunar dust reacts to solar influences during lunar dusk conditions, a phenomenon first documented by former NASA astronaut Eugene Cernan on Apollo 17 (see image below). Following the lunar sunset, the lander will operate for several hours into the lunar night.

Gene Cernan Sketches Lunar Orbit Sunrise — This is a sketch of the lunar sunrise seen from orbit by Apollo 17 astronaut Eugene Cernan. Highlights in the right image show the sources of the scattered light. Credit: NASA

Firefly Aerospace Sets the Stage for the Future

“On behalf of our entire team, I want to thank NASA for entrusting Firefly as their lunar delivery provider,” said Jason Kim, CEO of Firefly Aerospace. “Blue Ghost’s successful Moon landing has laid the groundwork for the future of commercial exploration across cislunar space. We’re now looking forward to more than 14 days of surface operations to unlock even more science data that will have a substantial impact on future missions to the Moon and Mars.”

To date, five vendors have been awarded 11 lunar deliveries under CLPS and are sending more than 50 instruments to various locations on the Moon, including the lunar South Pole. Existing CLPS contracts are indefinite-delivery, indefinite-quantity contracts with a cumulative maximum contract value of $2.6 billion through 2028.