In a move to address the rapidly evolving challenges of the digital economy, the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Finance, headed by ruling party’s lawmaker Bhartruhari Mahtab, has identified the “Evolving Role of the Competition Commission of India (CCI) in the Economy, particularly the Digital Landscape,” as a key subject for examination. 

The decision, revealed through an official list of subjects on the Lok Sabha website, underscores the government’s intent to keep a vigilant eye on digital markets increasingly dominated by powerful online platforms.

The development comes at a crucial time when the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) is finalizing the draft of the much-anticipated Digital Competition Bill.

The proposed legislation, envisioned as an ex ante framework to regulate gatekeeper platforms, is expected to arm the CCI with preemptive powers to prevent monopolistic practices and level the playing field for smaller players. The Bill is in its advanced stages, with inputs from multiple stakeholders being incorporated to strike a balance between fostering innovation and ensuring fair competition. 

Reining in Big Tech

The focus on digital markets reflects growing concerns about the outsized influence of gatekeeper platforms—those that control critical digital infrastructure, such as e-commerce, search engines, social media, and app ecosystems. These platforms, by virtue of their scale and data-driven business models, can significantly influence market outcomes, consumer choices, and the growth trajectory of smaller competitors. 

The Digital Competition Bill will empower the CCI to identify gatekeeper platforms based on specific criteria, such as market size, user dependency, and control over key digital services. The framework will likely include provisions for algorithmic transparency, data portability, and non-discriminatory practices, addressing complaints that gatekeepers often prioritize their own services over those of rivals.

“This is a step in the right direction. The digital economy is unlike traditional markets, and its regulation requires forward-thinking tools that preempt anti-competitive behavior before it impacts consumers or innovation,” said a senior competition law expert. 

Global Context and Local Relevance 

India’s push for stronger digital market regulation aligns with global trends. The European Union’s Digital Markets Act (DMA), for instance, has introduced stringent rules for gatekeepers, while similar frameworks are being considered in the United States and Australia. However, India’s approach is expected to account for its unique digital ecosystem, characterized by a vast user base and a blend of global giants and homegrown startups.

The Parliamentary Committee’s examination will likely include hearings with experts, stakeholders, and regulators, setting the stage for a comprehensive analysis of the existing regulatory framework’s readiness to tackle digital-era challenges. 

Evolving Role of the CCI

As the primary enforcer of competition laws, the CCI has played a significant role in addressing anti-competitive practices across sectors. Its recent interventions against Big Tech and initiatives in developing future-ready regulatory toolkit built through a consultative manner under its current Chief Ravneet Kaur, have been widely hailed by the stakeholders.

However, its existing mandate, built on ex post enforcement, is reactive rather than preventive. The new ex ante framework under the Digital Competition Bill aims to address this gap, enabling the CCI to act swiftly in cases involving gatekeepers and digital ecosystems. 

The Committee’s examination will likely assess the CCI’s capacity to handle emerging challenges, such as analyzing complex algorithms, managing cross-border data issues, and ensuring compliance in markets where traditional barriers are often replaced by digital moats. 

Industry voices have expressed cautious optimism, emphasizing the need to balance regulation with innovation. “The challenge is to ensure that these rules don’t inadvertently stifle innovation or impose undue compliance burdens on emerging businesses,” said a senior executive from a leading digital startup. 

The examination and eventual recommendations by the Parliamentary Committee are expected to shape the final contours of the Digital Competition Bill. This legislative effort, combined with a sharper regulatory focus, could position India as a leader in digital market governance, offering a model for other emerging economies. 

As India’s digital economy continues to expand—contributing significantly to GDP growth and job creation—the regulatory framework crafted today will determine whether it remains inclusive, competitive, and innovation-driven, economy watchers said.

With the Parliamentary Committee taking charge of this critical subject, stakeholders across the spectrum are watching closely, recognising that the outcomes could redefine the rules of engagement in India’s digital markets for decades to come.